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• Stable residents in their communities;
• Residents of a mixture of locations, with no more than two in each group from the same
tambon; and,
• Typical citizens, no journalists, high ranking military, police, or government officials,
elected officials, or professional politicians.
Note on Methodology: This research was qualitative rather than quantitative.
Based on open-ended conversations with small and non-random samples, qualitative
research allows us to understand and describe attitudes rather than to measure them. Qualitative
research provides insight into perceptions and attitudes, the reasons for those attitudes, and how
people respond to information and messages.
Because this research is qualitative rather than quantitative, results cannot be reliably
projected onto broader populations. Thus, it cannot be used to confidently estimate how many
people share a certain perception or belief or what proportion are likely to act in a certain way.
1.3 Political Context
The follow major events occurred before and during the time period of conducting the focus
group discussions (October 25 to December 20, 2022):
October 6 Massacre of schoolchildren in Nong Bua Lamphu province
November 3 Defeat of Progressive Liquor Bill
November 24 Pheu Thai launched 2023 election campaign
December 2 Constitutional Court ruled new electoral laws in the Political Parties Act to be
used in the 2023 general election were constitutional
Mid-December Many MPs changed parties in anticipation of 2023 elections
INTRODUCTION 7
