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find the net benefits of the option. Then the net benefits of each policy options will be

compared and the one with most net benefits will be deemed the most efficient option.
2. Break-Even Analysis (BEA) BEA utilise the calculated costs and benefits of
each policy options like CBA. However, instead of select the option with highest net

benefits, BEA will select the option that has reached a break-even point.
BEA is particularly useful to be applied where a policy option contains social

or moral impacts that cannot be quantified into numbers.
3. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) CEA will select the policy option that
can achieve the results with the least costs. Hence, CEA will compare the ratio of cost and

benefits of each policy option, before picking the one with cheapest costs. CEA is similar to

BEA and shares BEA’s weaknesses and strengths.
4. Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) MCA creates criteria to assess the most
efficient option and assigns scores to each option according to the criteria. By calculating

weighted scores for each option, MCA rarely relies on statistical numbers in its calculation
and therefore it is most useful when applied to the policy options whose costs and benefits

are difficult to be quantified.
5. Standard Cost Model (SCM) SCM only considers the compliance costs of
the people who have to follow the policy option. The option with the least compliance

costs will be selected. The policy selected by SCM will certainly create less legislative
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burdens on the people.
1.3.2 Social impact Analysis (SIA)
SIA is an analysis of potential social impacts arising from each policy option.

SIA will predict both positive and negative changes in society and quality of life and will
purpose measures to reduce negative impacts. SIA can aid the policy selection process since

it would calculate predict the efficacy of each policy and how to adapt each policy to suit
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society at large. SIA consists of three steps ;
1. Problem Identification
This step defines social values by, first, writing up a theory of change to find a
connection between the policy that an agency aims to do and the impacts on the target

22 Jaisai Wongpichet, “Standard Cost Model”, Law Reform Division, Office of the Council of State, (2019)
access 8 September 2020, from https :// lawreform .go.th /uploads/files/1520327367-oz7k5-
aldar.pdf?fbclid =IwAR23WhntMAtCjD6dgNlZUn8RQXUkcdg EQ1NAZdOARXX_7_BSLMUZaLrZLdg.
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Suwansa Thongyoo, “Social Impact Assessment),” (26 December 2019). access 8 September 2020 from
https://social.nia.or.th/2019/article0002/.
24
Schoolofchangmakers, “SIA Workshop,” (13 July 2015). access 8 September 2020 from
https://www.school ofchangemakers .com / knowledge /15788/.