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unemployed. These figures reflect both direct job creation and indirect
9
employment in surrounding areas, particularly service jobs in financial
and public services such as health and education and in the private
market such as housing.
10

Table 2. Job Creation 2008-2012

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total jobs created 210,542 208,028 224,802 241,594 248,439
Change (compared to 100% 115.5% 98.8% 108.1% 107.5% 102.8%
the previous year)
Hajduga, 2014, p. 93.

The impact both inside and outside the zones has clearly been
significant. Employment data clearly reflect this beneficial effect, as
does increased innovation inside the zones. This is particularly true in
11
the zones of Katowice in Upper Silesia (with 22.8% of investments)
12
and Walbrzych in Lower Silesia (16.5%), which successfully
restructured historic coal mining regions that were able to attract FDI
and to capitalize on their industrial and academic potential by
encouraging the emergence of local suppliers for foreign firms. Another
zone in Lodz, known for its textile industry since the eighteenth

9 Wojcieh Struzik, 2014, « Wplyw specjalnych stref ekonomycznych na spadek
bezrobocia w wybranych wojewodztwach, powiatach i miastach », Gospodarka
o
przestrzennego. Dylematy i wyzwania wspolczesnosci, n 339, pp. 213-219.
10 Piotr Hajduga, 2014, « Specjalne strefy ekonomyczne w Polsce a ksztaltowanie
o
kapitalu ludzkiego », Gospodarska Przestrzenna, n 367, pp. 90-101
11 In 2005, FDI in the zone represented 4% of total FDI in Poland, and 30% of
all investment in the zones since the program’s inception.
12 Piotr Laskowski, 2013, « Specjalne strefy ekonomyczne jako czynnik rozwoju
regionalnego na rzykladzie walbrzyskiej Specjalnej strefy ekonomycznej « Invest-Park »,
in Polityka Ekonomyczna, n°307, pp. 317-329/; d’aures pays se répartissentles 45%
restants. (à côté de General Motors on trouve de grande sentreprises polonaises
Brembo Poland.

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