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century, accounts for 11.3% of FDI. The zone in Slubice, on the
13
German border, benefits from proximity to Frankfurt on Oder and Berlin,
approximately 100 kilometers away. The Mielec/Rzeszow zone in the
lower Carpathian region has been widely applauded as a “success
story.” The local population successfully transformed a tradition as an
14
arms manufacturing region despite a major crisis beginning in 1990. An
aviation center before World War Two, it was expanded by the Nazis
before becoming a part of the Soviet economy for 40 years. After
losing the Soviet market, the region diversified, rebuilding production to
become a supplier for large aircraft manufacturers such as Boeing and
Airbus. An exemplary partnership with the local university helped it
attract substantial structural funding that enabled the zone to become
an industrial cluster of 73 companies that provide roughly 11,000 jobs.
This zone is a prime example of local industrial traditions and
administrative skills combining with a committed academic sector to help
local companies meet a growing demand for skilled labor.

These examples illustrate the fact that, when they are able to
benefit from local industrial heritage and highly skill labor pools, special
zones influence entire regions. They also show that labor costs are not
the only factor driving investment and that industrial heritage can be a
decisive role in attracting investors. In Poland, two additional factors
play a critical role. The first is the ability to effectively manage free-
flowing structural funds that since 2004 in ways that directly benefit
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the zones. A second major factor is the absence of powerful unions.

13 Przemyslav Siudak, 2013, « Negatywne effekty towarzyszace tworzeniu
i funkcjonowaniu obszarow uprzyjelowanych na przykladzie poslkich stref ekonomycznych »,
o
in Zarzadzane finansami firm, teoria i praktyka, n 321, pp. 125-135
14 François Bafoil, 2014, « Poland: a systemic transforming process from state-
planned to liberal economy », in Government – Linked Companies and Sustanaible,
Equitable Development, Edited by Terence Gomez, François Bafoil, Kee-Cheok Cheong,
Routledge, pp. 127-151
15 During the programing period 2006-2014, Poland has benefited from around
60 billions € and the same during the following period, 2014-2020.

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