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70 การประชุมวิชาการ
สถาบันพระปกเกล้า ครั้งที่ 21
ลดช่องว่างความเหลื่อมล้ำ สร้างคุณภาพประชาธิปไตย

also found that inequality plays a limited role in mobilizing the poor in electoral
politics in East Asia, suggesting that electoral institutions themselves may be

insufficient to mobilize the poor in distributive politics unless inequality becomes
a salient issue (Cho 2020). It is also found that the influence of inequality on

electoral politics is conditioned by the patterns of social cleavages (Chang and
Park 2020).

The politics of inequality is not visible in much of East Asia. Despite
growing inequality, the region displays fewer features of distributive politics. The
median voter theorem or a simple left-right partisan model proves to be limited

in accounting for politics in East Asia. Inequality and redistribution appear to
have low political salience in party competition and electoral politics. Much

research needs to be done on the patterns and bases of political competition,
which are shaped by political and socioeconomic history. A host of contextual
and structural factors associated with history, culture, and geopolitics appear to

condition ways in which inequality affects politics and political institutions in
East Asia. Further research is required to disentangle causal sequences from

inequality to politics and to discover underlying causal mechanisms.

East Asian countries display different trajectories of institutional
development. The variation across the region may reflect long-run historical
processes and the geopolitical context of the Cold War. Instead of highly

simplifying models, future work may need to turn to history, structure, and
context to adequately comprehend the impact of inequality on politics, or more

generally the relationship between economy and politics, in the region.
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