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DEMOCRACY AND ACCESSION TO THE EU

Treaty of Rome (article 237.º) – “Any European State may app
ly to become a member of the Community”

Birkelbach Report (1962)

(1) geographical situation – only European states could join the
EU
(2) economic factors – the capacity to pursue its economic goals
(3) political features – the existence of a democracy

Davignon Report (1970)

(1) respect of freedom and human rights
(2) which unites democratic states
(3) that have elected parliaments

Copenhagen Criteria (1993)

(1) stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of
law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities
(2) a functioning market economy and the capacity to cope with
competition and market forces
(3) ability to take on the obligations of membership, including
adherence to the aims of political, economic and monetary
union complemented at the Madrid European Council (1995)
(4) administrative and institutional capacity to effectively
implement the acquis

The 1960’s may be considered as the starting point for a new
phase in relation to Europe, characterized by less isolation and greater
openness to the movement for European cooperation, of an economic
order

By joining EFTA, Portugal ceased to be an outcast from the
European integration movements

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